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  • [交通会议论文数据库] 王坤 李海斌 王阳
    摘要:  当前,行人保护试验标准普遍采用TRL腿型冲击器和FLEX腿型冲击器评价车辆对行人下腿的碰撞保护性能,但由于无法模拟腿骨的弯曲,TRL腿型冲击器的性能受到质疑。本文分析了两种冲击器结构和特性,对TRL腿型冲击器和FLEX腿型冲击器进行力学特性试验,得到其力学响应,并基于前人尸体试验的研究成果,对比两种冲击器的生物仿真性。指出FLEX腿型冲击器在行人保护测试方面的应用前景。
  • [交通会议论文数据库] 黄江 李红
    摘要:  车辆主动避障是车辆主动安全领域的一个研究热点,多数研究在实现车辆避障时,都是利用转向控制来约束车辆轨迹,极少涉及制动或加速的控制。本文采用一定行程内的车辆偏移距离来定义车辆避障能力,通过车辆质点和二自由度车辆模型的动力学分析,揭示了紧急避障时车辆操纵行为与避障能力之间的关系,证明了车辆在转向的同时进行一定强度的制动,对提高车辆的避障能力是有利的,并对其原因和影响因素进行了进一步的说明,为完善主动避障时车辆的操纵控制研究提供基础和依据。
  • [交通会议论文数据库] Haibin CHEN Liying ZHANG Jing ZHANG Shuo TANG Li HE Jihong ZHOU
    摘要:  Background: The vehicle injury priority rating data indicated that neck injuries became the fifth most important injury category (after head, face, chest and abdomen), During rollovers the centrifugal force tends to maintain a belted occupant erect with his/her head upward and outboard, and an impact to the occupant's head would come from the upper and lateral sides of the vehicle.Up to now, knowledge on the mechanism causing this kind neck injury is still rather limited.Objective: The purpose of this paper is to summarize a numerical analysis of compressive neck injuries due to vertical loading applied through the head.Method and Material: Our own validated, custom-made head-neck complex FE model was used to simulate those cadaver compression tests, which was integrated 50th percentile human head-neck model with various ligaments, joint capsule and muscles connecting the head and the neck.Results: Comparing all the cases, in general C2-C3 facets were compressed most in both local x-axis (along the facet joint surface) and z-axis (normal to the facet joint surface) more than other facets, and severe disc compression can be seen in C5-C6 and C7-T1 discs.Conclusion: The role of compression force with more sliding in cervical facet surface may be an important causal mechanism leading to facet failure in compressive neck injuries.
  • [交通会议论文数据库] u Tianya Chen Jiqing Huang Wei Ma Zhengwei
    摘要:  The technical requirements and test method of Federal Regulation FMVSS 201U for head impact are introduced in this paper.The head finite element model developed based on 50th percentile Chinese male adult is outlined.The traditional hybrid Ⅲ free motion head(FMH) finite element model has been substituted by the developed 50th head model, which is applied to the simulation of impact on A pillar according to FMVSS 201U; the dynamics response and injury of head are shed light on based on different impact velocities.
  • [交通会议论文数据库] Lihai REN aniel AUMGARTNER Jikuang YANG Narayan YOGANAN AN rain STEMPER
    摘要:  Numerous in vivo impacts tests have been conducted on animal heads for the investigation of the traumatic brain injuries results from real-world impact accidents.The mass-based scaling law has long been used as a principal method for the scaling of input loadings as well injury thresholds between surrogate animal brains and human brain in those animal impact tests.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of the mass-based scaling law for brain injury criteria.Coronal plane rotational impacts were simulated using a rat head FE model and a human head FE model.Amplitudes and durations of rotational accelerations were defined based on prior in vivo experimental tests on rats.In total, 18 simulations, including 9 simulations using the rat brain model and 9 simulations using the human brain model,were conducted.Strain responses were extracted from four anatomical regions of interest (ROIs): parietal cortex,hippocampus, thalamus, and hypothalamus.From the comparisons of peak strains of those ROIs, different strain patterns could be observed between those two head FE models.Meanwhile, the effects of the rotational acceleration durations on the peak strains of those ROIs were weaker in the human head FE model than the corresponding effects in the rat head FE model.Similar effects of the rotational acceleration amplitudes on the peak strains of those ROIs were observed between those two head FE models.The simulations demonstrated that, the mass-based scaling law could be used for the scaling of the amplitude of inputted rotational accelerations, but it has limits for the scaling of the acceleration durations.Moreover, region-specific characteristics should be considered in scaling procedures of brain injuries between animals and human.
  • [交通会议论文数据库] 葛如海 洪亮
    摘要:  研究背景:由于轿车后排空间相对狭小,在正面碰撞或紧急制动中,后排乘员头部易与前排座椅头枕或靠背发生二次碰撞,造成后排乘员伤害.目的:提出了一种新型汽车前排安全座椅的设想,拟在轿车正面碰撞与紧急制动中,分别减轻佩戴三点式安全带与未佩戴安全带的后排女性乘员受到的伤害.方法和材料:以某型轿车相关尺寸与性能参数为依据,采用碰撞仿真软件MADYMO建立了后排乘员约束系统仿真模型,并经试验验证.结果:仿真结果表明,相比于传统前排座椅,当新型座椅的转簧转动刚度为10 N.m/°时,在正面碰撞中,女性乘员的头部伤害指标HIC15与枕骨伸张弯矩峰值Myoc分别降低了22.83%、23.38%;在紧急制动中,HIC15、胸部伤害值T3MS以及左、右大腿力峰值Fleft、 Fright分别降低了51.36%、22.04%、10.55%与16.07%.结论:因此,新型前排安全座椅能够有效降低后排女性乘员伤害,提高后排乘员安全性.
  • [交通会议论文数据库] Guan-Jun Zhang Long-Liang Wang Xian-Ping u Yue-Qun Hu
    摘要:  Background: Currently, crash dummies and mathematical model of human were mainly developed based on the European human statistical data.The prediction accuracy for Chinese was remained to be studied.Objective: The current study aims to explore the modeling methods of Chinese 50th percentile human body.Method and material: Geometry model based on the CT data from a Chinese male volunteer close to the anthropometry of 50th percentile was scaled to the 50th percentile male model according to Chinese human body statistics.The rate dependent and different property in compression and tension of cortical bone was simulated with Ls-Dyna material model.Trabecular of femoral head was divided into three parts with different material parameters to imitate the regional variations of it.The femoral head was also validated by compression loading.Results: The result shows that the proposed model has higher accuracy and biological fidelity.Conclusions : It is believed that the proposed method, modeling accuracy, geometry scaling and fully verified could be used to develop accurate 50th Chinese human body Finite Element (FE) model.
  • [交通会议论文数据库] 马伟杰 段丙旭 白鹏 李向荣
    摘要:  中国新车评价规程(C-NCAP) 2012版引入HIII 5th女性假人进行量化评价。本文通过对女性假人胸部特性响应的研究,从而获得较为准确的安全带佩戴位置。本文采用低速胸部标定试验,通过改进胸部标定摆锤,调整摆锤冲击位置和冲击角度,来模拟在碰撞过程中假人受到不同安全带载荷时胸部响应特征。结果表明,当偏离位置小于从正常胸部冲击的0点向上60mm时,胸位移基本为线性下降;摆锤冲击角度为26°时,胸位移最大。对约束系统的设计和碰撞试验要求具有重要意义。
  • [交通会议论文数据库] 李红运 鲁爽 韩菲菲 曹欢
    摘要:  目前,女性驾驶员逐渐增多,但约束系统的开发多以男性驾驶员为基础,如何更好的保护女性驾驶员成为亟待解决的问题。本文根据现有的驾驶员约束系统配置,结合仿真分析手段,计算该约束系统对女性驾驶员的保护效果,通过对比分析,找出目前驾驶员约束系统配置的不足并进行改进优化,使其能够同时满足男性驾驶员和女性驾驶员的伤害值要求(2015版E-NCAP),提高驾驶员约束系统的兼容性。
  • [交通会议论文数据库] 杨浪 朱西产 董丽萍 马志雄 张绍卫
    摘要:  不同试验室中台车参数的差异使得同一款儿童约束系统的台车试验结果有一定的差异。在Madymo软件中建立了某款Ⅰ组通用类安全带前向固定儿童座椅台车试验仿真模型,采用全因子试验设计方法研究了台车坐垫刚度、台车安全带刚度、台车加速度波形及台车安全带卷收器拉出量4个台车参数对试验结果一致性的灵敏度分析。研究得出台车安全带卷收器拉出量是造成儿童假人头部前移量一致性较差的主要因素。