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THE FULL COST OF TRANSPORTATION IN THE TWIN CITIES REGION.
| 题名： | THE FULL COST OF TRANSPORTATION IN THE TWIN CITIES REGION. |
| 作者： | Anderson-D; McCullough-G |
| 关键词： | Automobiles-; Buses-; Costs-; External-costs; Forecasting-; Governmental-costs; Highway-transportation; Internal-costs; Regional-economics; Trucks-; Twin-Cities-Metropolitan-Area-Minnesota |
| 摘要： | The goal of this work is to calculate the full costs of transportation for autos, trucks, and buses in the Twin Cities region for the years 1998 and 2020. The midrange estimate is that the costs were $27 billion in 1998, and the costs will grow to $42 billion in 2020 ($9,000 and $11,000 in per capita terms, respectively). These estimates include monetary and nonmonetary costs to individuals, firms, and units of government. Costs are divided into three main categories: governmental costs, internal costs, and external costs. The midrange estimates were that 84% of full costs were internal, 9% were governmental, and 7% were external. Road construction and maintenance accounted for approximately 70% of governmental costs. Most time costs were nonmonetary and internal. The costs of travel time accounted for 40% of all costs and the costs of owning and operating vehicles also accounted for 40%. Approximately 98% of external costs were due to congestion, crashes, air pollution, and petroleum consumption. It is projected that most types of costs will increase at approximately the same rate as regional economic output between 1998 and 2020. |
| 总页数： | 2000/08. pp248 (Figs., Tabs., Refs., 5 App.) |
| 报告类型： | 科技报告 |
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