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MARITIME INDUSTRY: AS U.S. SINGLE-HULL OIL VESSELS ARE ELIMINATED, FEW DOUBLE-HULL VESSELS MAY REPLACE THEM.
| 题名： | MARITIME INDUSTRY: AS U.S. SINGLE-HULL OIL VESSELS ARE ELIMINATED, FEW DOUBLE-HULL VESSELS MAY REPLACE THEM. |
| 关键词： | Cargo-ships; Deadlines-; Double-hull-vessels; Environmental-protection; Extensions-Deadlines; Hulls-; Oil-Pollution-Act-of-1990; Oil-spills; Oils-; Ownership-; Phase-out; Shipments-; Shipping-; Shipping-capacity; Ships-; Ships-by-number-of-hulls; Single-hull-vessels; United-States; United-States-Coast-Guard; Waivers- |
| 摘要： | The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 made extensive changes designed to make oil shipments environmentally safer. One of these changes was to phase out all shipment of oil cargoes in single-hull vessels in U.S. waters from 1995 through January 1, 2015, with the oldest and largest vessels generally being phase out first. After January 1, 2015, only double-hull vessels, considered to be environmentally safer than single-hull vessels, may be used. The General Accounting Office (GAO) was asked to examine several issues related to the process for phasing out single-hull oil vessels and replacing them with double-hull vessels. The GAO focused on the following: (1) How has the Coast Guard implemented the act's phase-out requirements for U.S.-built single-hull vessels larger than 5,000 gross tons? (2) To what extent have owners received extensions or waivers that extend the phase-out deadlines for their single-hull vessels? (3) To what extent are owners replacing or planning to replace or convert their single-hull vessels, and what effect do their plans have on the ability to provide sufficient oil-carrying shipping capacity in the future? Briefly, the Coast Guard's approach for implementing the Oil Pollution Act's phase-out requirements relies on inspectors at individual ports to identify single-hull vessels subject to the act's requirements, use the act's phase-out schedule to establish a deadline for the vessel, and ensure that vessels are not being used for transporting oil after the deadline has passed. In all, 17 vessels extended their original phase-out deadlines by reducing their tonnages. The 22 domestic shipping companies contacted that own single-hull oil vessels said that they have only limited plans to replace or convert these vessels. Most said they would simply take their vessels out of service when their phase-out deadlines occurred and would take a "wait-and-see" approach to making replacements in the future. Decisions by ship owners to make only limited replacements will probably have little effect on the ability to meet demand over the next few years, because the available supply of U.S.-built vessels is still expected to be greater than demand for their services. Beyond the next few years, however, the potential effect of limited replacement is less certain. |
| 总页数： | 2000/04. pp26 (3 Fig., 2 Tab., 2 App.) |
| 报告类型： | 科技报告 |
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