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LESSONS FROM THE KOBE QUAKE.
| 题名： | LESSONS FROM THE KOBE QUAKE. |
| 作者： | Cooper-JD; Buckle-I |
| 关键词： | EARTHQUAKES-; EARTHQUAKE-ENGINEERING; FEDERAL-HIGHWAY-ADMINISTRATION; EARTHQUAKE-RESISTANT-STRUCTURES; HIGHWAY-BRIDGES; SEISMIC-INVESTIGATIONS; BRIDGE-BEARINGS; BEARING-FAILURE; DAMPING-; SEISMIC-REGIONS; SPECIFICATIONS-; LATERAL-MOVEMENT; LIQUEFACTION-; RETROFITTING-; TECHNOLOGICAL-DEVELOPMENT; JAPAN- |
| 摘要： | The port city of Kobe, Japan, violently shook for 20 seconds on January 17, 1995, when an earthquake registering 7.2 on the Richter Scale struck. This particular earthquake was significant because it shattered many notions about seismic zones, earthquake resistance, and the adequacy of recovery plans. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has worked for over two decades to create new sets of earthquake design criteria, codes, guidelines, and specifications based on the findings of actual earthquake investigations. These investigations yield valuable information for developing new technologies to promote structural resistance to earthquakes. This article describes the findings of a team of structural engineers that investigated 15 bridge sites in Kobe, Japan, after the catastrophic January 1995 earthquake. Highway bridges built 30 years ago before modern seismic codes suffered the most damage; although, some new bridges suffered serious damage, leading investigators to re-evaluate current design loads and procedures in the design specifications. Damage to bridge columns was spectacular, however, the incidence of bearing failure was high, pointing to the need for better damping devices and isolation bearing designs to decouple energy and motion. A long list of lessons learned from the Kobe earthquake is generated and a discussion presented regarding the vulnerability of many unsuspecting cities in the United States. The authors conclude by stating that the most cost-effective, long-term program for mitigating earthquake damage to highway bridges is to ensure that new construction is designed beyond existing specifications in accordance with the latest technology derived from investigations of real-world disasters. Retrofitting is not always the answer. |
| 总页数： | Public Roads. 1995. Autumn 59(2) pp28-37 (12 Phot., 1 Fig.) |
| 报告类型： | 科技报告 |
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