摘要: |
The 1978 International Convention on Standards and Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) was the first attempt by the international community to establish uniform international standards for the qualifications of merchant marines. While the 1978 convention was notable, it was too vague for an effective international program. This article discusses the 1993 proposal of a revision to the existing convention in order to establish the highest practicable standards of competence for marines to address and reduce human error as a major cause of marine casualties. The comprehensive and detailed revision was developed and adopted by July 1995, and it became effective on February 1, 1997. |