详情

原文传递 Display of Multiple Geographical Data Bases: Implications of Visual Attention.

题名：	Display of Multiple Geographical Data Bases: Implications of Visual Attention.
作者：	kroft, p. wickens, c. d.
关键词：	design problems, possible solutions
摘要：	This experiment addresses the issues faced by a designer who must display to the pilot multiple complex spatial data bases, such as those pertaining to traffic, terrain, and weather. Five plausible design solutions for two data bases (traffic/weather and terrain) are compared: (1) Separated displays, side-by-side. (2) Integrated, overlaid display. (3) Overlay with intensity coding to aid discrimination of the data bases. (4) Overlay with pilot-controlled interaction to apply intensity coding as needed. (5) Overlay with pilot controlled interaction to declutter (erase) data bases as needed. An additional 6th condition was included to determine whether the potential advantage of (2) (overlay) over (1) (separated) was a consequence of the integration in (2), or the larger text size of a single display, compared with two side-by-side displays occupying the same total area as the single display. Fifteen general aviation pilots answered a series of questions that required integration across data bases, or focused attention within a single data base. The results are interpreted in the context of a model of information processing that identifies costs and benefits of different information processing mechanisms related to visibility, divided, focused and selective attention, whose influence is varied as the display conditions are contrasted. These results revealed that the combined costs of scanning and small display size of (1) clearly dominate the smaller cost of clutter from display overlay in (2). The benefits of overlay are greatest when questions require integration of information between data bases. Lowering the intensity of one of the data bases in (3) offers no benefits to the clutter caused by overlay because of difficulty decoding the lower intensity information. Interactivity in (4) and (5) imposes time costs which do not generally outweigh the benefits provided of allowing the focus of attention on one data base at a time by lowlighting or erasing the irrelevant data base respectively. However under some circumstances there are benefits of full decluttering (5) on the focus of attention. / NOTE: Technical rept. / Supplementary Notes: Sponsored by National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, CA. Ames Research Center. / Availability Note: Order this product from NTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS (U.S. customers); (703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at (703)605-6900; and email at orders@ntis.gov. NTIS is located at 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA, 22161, USA.
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