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A SYSTEMS APPROACH TO MARINE BIOINVASION THROUGH ANTHROPOGENIC VECTORS (BALLAST WATER)
| 题名： | A SYSTEMS APPROACH TO MARINE BIOINVASION THROUGH ANTHROPOGENIC VECTORS (BALLAST WATER) |
| 作者： | James J. BUCKLEY |
| 关键词： | MARINE ; BIOINVASION ; ANTHROPOGENIC; VECTORS ; BALLAST WATER |
| 摘要： | It is well established that non-indigenous, marine species have been introduced into port ecosystems all over the world through anthropogenic vectors. Although there are several anthropogenic mechanisms responsible for the introduction, the primary vector, and the one considered in this paper, is through the discharge of ballast water from ships. Ample research has been completed already that verifies that ballast water carries many different marine organisms and pathogens that ships have collected from various sources around the world. Once introduced, these new species can have significant and perhaps irreversible unintended economic, environmental, and social impacts. To date, virtually all research has been concerned with applied biology and ecology including bio-control methods to reduce, if not eliminate, the number of introduced species. This research emphasis may be a natural reaction to the manner in which the invasive species have come to the forefront of most government agencies and environmental interests. While the destruction of the organisms may be understandable under current conditions, it is certainly not be the only response, or even perhaps the most appropriate response. The complex nature of port ecosystems, the design and ballasting requirements of ships, and the importance to the local economy of a healthy marine environment all suggest that any policy action taken to address invasive species should be the result of careful consideration after all variables have been taken into account. To do otherwise will cause decision makers to choose a solution from an incomplete, or inappropriate, list of alternatives. This paper describes a graphic model that will characterize the complex relationships between ballast water and ship operations and ballast water and marine organisms and their environment. The model will be a useful tool in helping policymakers, as well as stakeholder groups, understand the complexities of the issues surrounding invasive marine species. It will help them identify and evaluate new and innovative alternatives. In addition, the model will provide a user-friendly, graphic interface that will prove helpful as a visual outreach tool. |
| 总页数： | Proceedings of the 30th PIANC-AIPCN Congress. Sydney Australia. 22-26 Sept. 2002. pp13 |
| 报告类型： | 科技报告 |
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