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Wind to Hydrogen in California: Case Study.
| 题名： | Wind to Hydrogen in California: Case Study. |
| 作者： | Antonia, O.; Saur, G. |
| 关键词： | California; Deployment; Direct Energy Conversion; Electric Powered Vehicles; Fuel Cells; Fuel Consumption; Greenhouse Gases; Hydrogen; Pollution Control; Production; Renewable Energy Sources; Research |
| 摘要： | Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV) have gone through a rapid development in recent years with progress on each of the steps from research to deployment to validation. Many believe they will be an integral element to reducing pollution and green house gasses and achieving better energy security as there is global pressure to reduce fossil fuel consumption. Production and delivery of hydrogen is vital to commercialization of FCEVs. Currently about 95% of the hydrogen produced in the U.S. is made by steam methane reforming of natural gas. However, renewable production of hydrogen using electricity from wind, solar, or other renewable sources could be an important fuel pathway for control of regional air pollution and national greenhouse gas emissions. As a case study we have chosen the Los Angeles (LA) area because of the California history of regulations and initiatives that target air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions and specifically seek to promote hydrogen as a transportation fuel. California regions (LA, San Francisco/Sacramento) lead the U.S. in the 2015 planned commercial deployment of FCEVs by a number of major manufacturers. In 2006, the California Senate passed Bill 1505 (SB 1505) which mandates the California Air Resource Board (CARB) to set environmental standards for hydrogen production. A specific criterion of SB 1505 alongside reducing fuel carbon intensity and certain particulates is that a third of hydrogen must be produced by eligible renewable energy sources. It is estimated that the zero emission vehicle (ZEV) mandate will require 50 100 hydrogen refueling stations by 2017 to accommodate FCEV and hydrogen bus deployments. |
| 报告类型： | 科技报告 |
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